One of the most common injuries seen in sports caused by the athlete landing in an awkward position and is generally seen in multidirectional sports (basketball, football, tennis, etc) rather than uni-directional sports (running). Also seen in sports performed on uneven terrain.
Generally there will be pain, swelling and bruising depending on severity. A crack and snap is sometimes audible.
Depending on severity there are 3 grades of injury, 3 being complete rupture of one or all three lateral ligaments.
Grades I and 2 have good prognosis whereas grade 3 might need surgical intervention.
Some of the contributing factors for a lateral ankle sprain are:
- Past history of trauma in the same region.
- Improper shoe wear- shoes which are excessively worn or too narrow.
- Uneven terrain.
- Weakness of muscles around the ankle.
Management:
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation and Support (RICES)
NSAIDS and analgesics to reduce the pain.
Massage and mobilization of the ankle after the acute phase.
Strengthening of the muscles around the ankle and gluteus medius- to maintain hip joint stability to prevent inferior dipping of the pelvis.
Strengthening eversion with the ankle fully plantarflexed is important to prevent future lateral ligament injuries.
Weight bearing exercises (wobble board).
Increased proprioception → rocker board, minitrampoline and single leg balance.
Functional exercises like jumping and hopping when pain free.
Prophylactic taping and bracing – Taping (Stirrups, heel lock and figure of 6)
